What does 'ventilation' achieve in indoor environments?

Ventilation plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy indoor environments primarily by replenishing indoor air quality and controlling humidity levels. By bringing in fresh outdoor air and removing stale indoor air, ventilation helps to dilute and eliminate indoor pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and other harmful particles that can accumulate in enclosed spaces.

Additionally, effective ventilation regulates humidity by allowing moisture-laden air to escape, which is essential in preventing mold growth and maintaining comfort. High humidity levels can lead to a range of problems, including discomfort for occupants and structural damage to buildings. Thus, by ensuring a steady flow of fresh air and maintaining appropriate humidity levels, ventilation directly contributes to a healthier and more comfortable indoor atmosphere.

While the other options touch on aspects of indoor environmental quality, they do not specifically address the primary functions of ventilation in terms of air renewal and humidity control.